Biodegradable fibers are fibers that can be decomposed by microorganisms or natural processes in a certain period of time. Some examples of biodegradable fibers are:
Natural fibers: These are fibers that are obtained from plants or animals, such as cotton, wool, silk, hemp, jute, flax, etc. They have various properties depending on their source, such as strength, elasticity, moisture absorption, thermal insulation, etc. Natural fibers are generally biodegradable under aerobic or anaerobic conditions, but the rate and extent of biodegradation may vary depending on the fiber type, structure, composition, and environmental factors.
Biobased synthetic fibers: These are fibers that are derived from renewable biomass sources, such as starch, cellulose, proteins, etc. They are synthesized by chemical or biological processes, such as polymerization, fermentation, etc. Some examples of biobased synthetic fibers are poly (lactic acid) (PLA), poly (glycolic acid) (PGA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), etc. They have properties similar to petroleum-based synthetic fibers, such as durability, flexibility, colorfastness, etc. Biobased synthetic fibers are biodegradable under specific conditions, such as high temperature, humidity, pH, etc., but they may not be biodegradable in natural environments.
Biodegradable synthetic fibers: These are fibers that are designed to be biodegradable by incorporating chemical or physical features that facilitate the degradation process. They can be made from petroleum-based or biobased polymers, such as poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET), poly (butylene succinate) (PBS), poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), etc. They have properties comparable to conventional synthetic fibers, such as strength, elasticity, resilience, etc. Biodegradable synthetic fibers can be degraded by enzymes, hydrolysis, oxidation, etc., in various environments.
生物降解纖維是指在一定時間內能被微生物或自然過程分解的纖維。
可生物降解纖維的一些例子是：
- 天然纖維：是從植物或動物中獲得的纖維，如棉、毛、絲、麻、黃麻、亞麻等。根據來源不同，它們具有不同的性能，如強度、彈性、吸濕性、保暖性等。天然纖維一般在有氧或無氧條件下可生物降解，但生物降解的速度和程度可能因纖維類型、結構、成分和環境因素而異。
2. 生物基合成纖維：這些纖維源自可再生生物質來源，例如澱粉、纖維素、蛋白質等。它們通過化學或生物過程合成，例如聚合、發酵等。生物基合成纖維的一些例子是聚乳酸（PLA ）、聚乙醇酸（PGA）、聚羥基脂肪酸酯（PHA）等。它們具有與石油基合成纖維相似的性能，如耐用性、柔韌性、色牢度等。生物基合成纖維可生物降解在特定條件下，例如高溫、濕度、pH 值等，但它們在自然環境中可能無法生物降解。
3. 可生物降解的合成纖維：這些纖維通過結合促進降解過程的化學或物理特性而設計為可生物降解的纖維。 它們可以由石油基或生物基聚合物製成，例如聚對苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）、聚丁二酸丁二醇酯（PBS）、聚己二酸-對苯二甲酸丁二醇酯（PBAT）等。它們具有以下特性與傳統合成纖維相媲美，如強度、彈性、回彈性等。可生物降解合成纖維可在各種環境下通過酶、水解、氧化等方式降解